Bit or chisel for channeling stone.



No. 65!,589. Patented lune I2, 1900.

.1. BARKER & F. 0. SMITH.

BIT 0R CHISEL FOR CHANNELING STONE. (Application filed. J .15 1900.

(No Model.)

NITED STATES i ATENT pnlC-E.

BIT OR CHISEL FOR CHANNELiNG STONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 651,589, dated June 12, 1900. Application filed January 15, 1900. Serial No. 1,582. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that we, JAMES BARKER and FRANK 0. SMITH, of the village of MeDermott, in the county of Scioto and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bits or Chisels for Channeling Stone, the same being a bit and a combination of a number of such bits in a gang or set for use in ditching and channeling stone of all kinds, including sandstone, freestone, marble, and the like, for quarrying or breaking the same by means of wedges; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same. A

Our invention relates to bits or chisels to be used in cutting channels in stone for the reception of wedges to split the stone; and the invention, consists in so constructing the bit as to form cutting edges at the corners of the rectangular bar orbody of the bit, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a bit, showing the construction of the cutting portion as shown when looking at the flat side of the body of the bit. Fig. 2 is a similar View with the bit turned one-eighth around and viewed from the corner of the body. Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing a gang of the bits in the act of cutting a channel; and Fig. 4 is a transverse horizontal section of the same on the line X X of Fig. 3, showing the relative positions of the bodies and the cutting edges of the bits when arranged in a gang.

The object of our invention is to produce abit which will cut a channel in stone for the insertion of wedges, which channel shall be V-shaped at its bottom and by which the work can be more rapidly done. Two forms or styles of bits have been used for this purpose, one form consisting of flat bars of steel having their two edges beveled to form a V- shaped point, the other style being made of bars rectangular in cross-section and having all fourof its fiat sides beveled to a point. With either of these forms it will be seen that when a series of the bits'are arranged side by side with their edges or flat faces adjoining there will be no cutting edges to operate on the stone and that the cutting will have to be performed wholly or mainly by their points. It will further be seen that as they penetrate the stone the debris or chips will be wedged in between the V-shaped flat edges or sides of the points, and thus tend to prevent or retard the cutting operation. To obviate these difficulties and produce a bit with which the work can be more rapidly performed, we construct them as follows: We take steel bars A of the proper size, rectangular in cross-section, as shown in the several figures, and form a point 0 by beveling the angles or corners of the bar A, instead of its fiat side or edges, as heretofore. By this construction it will be seen that we produce four cutting edges ct and also eight shearing edges b on each bit, so that when a series of these bits are placed side by side to form what is termed a gang for use in a channeling-machine, as represented in Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that two of the cutting edges will operate to cut the stone at opposite sides of the channel being cut, while the points 0 will cut at the bottom of the channel. Then these two cut-. ting edges have become dull by use, by simply loosening the bits and turning them a quarter around theother two cutting edges will be brought into position to operate upon the stone at the sides of the channel. As the channel is deepened and the bits enter deeper into the stone the angular edges 1) will by their wedging and shearing operation break and cut away the projecting portions of the walls of the channel which may be left be- .forded, as instead of being wedged fast between the adjoining flat faces of beveled points, as in the old-style hits, the chips are forced upward through the longer V-shaped space between the adjoining bits.

For the softer kinds of stone the bits may have the flat faces between the adjoining cutting edges a hollowed out, thus making these cutting edges more thin and sharp; but for the harder varieties this may not be desirable.

It is obvious that the bars of which the bits are formed need not be rectangular in crosssection their entire length, so long as their end portions are angular, and which is necessary in order to produce the cutting edges in the manner described; but square bars will ordinarily be used, because they are the most convenient for the purpose.

In practice these bits will be made doubleendedthat is, with the points and cutting edges on both ends-so that when one end is dulled or worn they can be reversed end for end and used as before.

It will of course be understood that any desired number ofthese bits may be arranged and used in a gang and that they may be operated by hand or by steam or other power, the usual method being to use them in connection with a channeling-machine.

By experiment We have found that with these bits a channel can be much more rapidly eut than with those heretofore used.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is 1. As a new article of manufacture, a chisel or bit for stone-channeling machines, consisting essentially of a metal bar having an end portion primarily angular in cross-section and having cutting edges formed by beveling the corners of the bar down to a central point, at angles of equal inclination to the adjacent faces of the bar, so that the faces of the bar correspond to the angles of the point and vice versa, and renewed cutting edges may be presented by shifting said bar on its longitudinal axis, substantially as set go forth.

2. As an articleof manufacture, a chisel or hit for channeling stone, formed of a metallic bar having an end portion primarily square in cross-section, and having symmetricalcutting edges formed bybeveling its corners down to a central point, whereby said cutting edges may be shifted ninety degrees and the useful life of the bit extended by presenting new edges to the main work.

3. The combination in a gang of two or more chisels or bits, formed of bars having end portions angular in cross-section, and formed with cutting edges produced by beveling the corners down to a central point, and means whereby said bits may be firmly held in assemblage, said means permitting each bit independently a partial turn on its longitudinal axis when desired.

In testimony whereof We have hereunto signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES BARKER. FRANK 0. SMITH.

W itn esscs L. B. IIUNT, NOAH J. DEVER. 

